Archive for March, 2008

Progress on Evaluation of Self-Reflection Methods

Thursday, March 13th, 2008

Earlier, I described five methods of self-reflection. For the past week or so, I’ve been evaluating how they work in practice. First, I went out and bought a nice Moleskine, since all the cool kids have one. I figured I better get something nice to document my self-reflections. It is a nice notebook. I’ve been adding about three pages every day and really like it. I of course got the one with lines in it, the one with blank pages was too “free form” for my structured mind. Here are the current evaluations of the five methods:

Naikan. This one has been one of the more surprising methods. Basically, you ask yourself three questions - What have I received from [insert someone here], What have I given to [insert same person here], and What troubles or difficulties have I caused [if you don't know who goes in here yet, you might need to ask a 5th grader]? At first, I thought this would be a lot of Zen mumbo jumbo (this is my term, I don’t believe it is officially sanctioned by the Zen crowd). But I’ve been surprised at how this is starting to make me think differently about my interactions with others. I’ve noticed that I receive a lot of things from other people on a daily basis. Unfortunately, I don’t normally realize this when it happens, and so don’t thank them for their “gift” to me. I also realized that I am woefully inadequate on giving things to others. (At least giving them good things) I definitely give a lot of trouble to people, which I also have not realized as much in the past. It has caused me to start sending notes to people thanking them after the fact, or apologizing for creating difficulty for them. The difficulty is that I wish there was a question “What troubles or difficulties has someone else caused me?” to answer. But this seems to be the whole point - stop thinking about what bad things others are doing to you, and start thinking about what bad things you are doing to others. This is definitely a method to keep in the toolkit.

Values / Virtues. Similar to Benjamin Franklin’s 13 virtues and his weekly evaluation of how many times he violated them, I’ve found this method useful. It is a good reason for continually reviewing your values, and thinking about how your daily actions are aligned with your values and personal vision. I step through the list of my values and identify how I have either done something to exemplify that value, or where I have failed to live up to one. This has been good for identifying those decisions or thoughts during the day that just don’t seem right (hmm…I wonder if I should have asked Betty if she was pregnant or whether she’s the reason the Girl Scout cookies box is half empty today). When you compare your decisions to your values, you immediately see that there is something out of balance. For example, I was reviewing my personal vision and noted that I wanted to maintain my work/life balance. That was when I realized that with some extra travel I’ve been doing lately, I was starting to feel disconnected from my family. Since this is not consistent with my personal vision, I could make a conscious decision that I needed to come home earlier that day.

Best/Better.  This method is about reviewing your decisions and determining what you could have done better. This method seems to be most effective if you come back at some later time and review what you wrote. For a lot of decisions, you may not feel good about what you did today, but a few weeks from now (or even months), you may realize that you made a tough decision, but it was the right one. There is some value in the near term for following this method too. I’ve found that the decision itself is not what should be improved, but how you arrived at the decision or communicated it to others. For example, I’ve made decisions recently that could have used additional input from the team to get their buy-in. By not giving them enough time to buy-in to the decision, it is now difficult for me to get them to implement my decision. I still believe the decision is the right one, but the way I approached it could be done better in the future.

Reflect on Career.  I haven’t worked on this one too much, other than making some notes about what I like about my current job, and what opportunities might be out there. I think the books referenced in my original post are useful for following this method.

Random Questions / Topics.  So far I haven’t had to resort to the “pick a topic out of the hat” method yet. But I have found that I end up documenting how I feel about something one day, and then seeing how that changed by the next day. For example, I was fuming mad over a decision a team member made. I started writing about it, and started to talk myself down off the ledge. By the time I finished writing, I had opened up the possibility that maybe the team member didn’t actually make this decision, maybe there was a different bit of information I didn’t have. I decided to act calmly and ask the them about the decision. Sure enough, they were told to do it by someone else. The next day I had a chance to reflect on this, and was able to learn from this experience. Next time I’ll give someone the benefit of the doubt before blaming them for a bad decision.

Overall, I’m enjoying the self-reflection time, although not necessarily enjoying getting up at 5AM to have time to write. Speaking of which, tomorrow I need to write about a ‘Best/Better’ decision than the one to get up this early!




Different Level of Skills Required for Backpacking

Monday, March 10th, 2008

In a previous post, I identified the most common activities that people want to improve their skills in, as well as some common levels of skill mastery, and how to learn the skills. In this post, I’ve selected backpacking as an activity that covers two of the more popular skills - hiking and camping. I’ve included below the categories and levels of skills required for backpacking and some resources for how to learn them. The skill level definitions come from a few sources - the first is a book called ‘Campcraft - Outdoor Living Skills‘ put out by several missionary groups. Even if you aren’t into the heavy religious overtones of the book, the practical advice and step by step instructions are still very useful. The Boy Scouts of America also have different levels of requirements, gradually increasing knowledge with experience.

Backpacking Skills:

  1. Trip Planning and Preparation. This category includes general skills for planning and getting ready for your trip.
    • Basic Skills: How to pack a backpack. How to choose the appropriate type of clothing. Experience planning and going on two overnight trips.
    • Intermediate Skills: Experience planning and going on two two-night trips.
    • Advanced Skills: Experience planning and going on multi-day trips with multiple campsites on each trip.
  2. Navigation. These skills cover everything needed to find your way on the trail.
    • Basic Skills: How to follow trail markers. How to use a compass to follow a course. How to read a map.
    • Intermediate Skills: How to use the sun and stars for direction.
    • Advanced Skills: Able to use a topographic map. Able to use triangulation skills to locate something on the map. Able to estimate time, distance, and height.
  3. Safety. These skills help you identify potential hazards and avoid getting hurt.
    • Basic Skills: Know what to do in an emergency. Know what to do if you get lost.
    • Intermediate Skills: Know how to forecast hazardous weather based on different signs like cloud types, temperature changes, etc.
  4. Establishing and Maintaining Shelter. This includes selecting and setting up your campsite, and making sure you stay warm and dry. I’ve also included skills like rope craft (tying knots) in this category.
    • Basic Skills: How to tie an overhand knot, half hitch, clove hitch, square knot, joiner knot, and taut line hitch.  How to pitch a tent. How to select a campsite.
    • Intermediate Skills: Able to construct a temporary emergency shelter. Know how to tie a stopper knot, loop knot, bowline knot, end-securing knot, and timber hitch. Know different methods of lashing.
    • Advanced Skills: Able to construct a temporary shelter from a poncho or tarp. Be able to repair items required for shelter. Know how to use various tools (knives, axes, etc) for wilderness camping if building a campfire is required.
  5. Food/Water/Cooking. Two of the most important skills (after setting up shelter) are ensuring you have enough water to drink and food to eat, and how to cook it.
    • Basic Skills: How to set up a stove and cook a meal. How to start a fire. How to purify water. How to determine right amount of food needed for the length of the trip. How to store your food safely.
    • Intermediate Skills: How to start a fire in the rain. How to set up different types of stoves and cook meals.
    • Advanced Skills: Be able to prepare dehydrated /freeze-dried food. Be familiar with different ways of water purification. Be able to select appropriate food for multi-day trips. Be able to make your own stove using tin cans. Be able to hunt or fish for your food.
  6. First Aid. If something does happen on the trail, you need to be prepared to address any injuries or emergency situations, including how to get rescued.
    • Basic Skills: How to treat a burn, a cut, blisters, a bruise, a snakebite, sunburn, frostbite, and insect bites. Know basic rescue signaling skills.
    • Intermediate Skills: How to treat sprains, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hypothermia, object in your eye, bite from a potentially rabid animal, puncture wounds, serious burns, shock, and dehydration.
    • Advanced Skills: Be accredited in Red Cross Standard First Aid or equivalent.
  7. Sanitation and Waste Disposal. These are key skills to learn for following the Leave No Trace philosophy.
    • Basic Skills: How to make a simple latrine. How to dispose of garbage.

In addition to those items above, there are levels of skills required to become an instructor, as well as specialty skills. Instructor level skills include significant experience with backpacking, and the ability to teach these skills to someone else. Some examples of specialty skills include backpacking at high elevations, in extreme temperatures (e.g. snow or desert), or wilderness survival skills (for completely roughing it on your own for long periods of time).

Learning These Skills

There are a ton of websites that describe backpacking skills and how to increase your abilities. Some of the better ones include GORP.com and Backpacker magazine. You can also take courses from places like the National Outdoor Leadership School, or your local outfitter.




How to Choose (and Master) Skills for Personal Development

Thursday, March 6th, 2008

Most of us have a goal of increasing our skills in activities we enjoy. Learning these skills is a fun experience (although sometimes challenging), especially once we reach a level of competence in the skill. But how to do you determine what skills you want to work on? How do you know when you have mastered the skill? How do you learn these skills?

One of my personal goals is to learn a new skill each year. As I started to develop the details of my personal development plan, I realized that ‘learn a new skill each year’ isn’t really specific enough. I started asking the three questions above. Below I’ve outlined a good way to approach this issue.

But before I get to that, let me define the difference between learning a new skill, and becoming proficient at a new subject (which is also something I want to do at least once a year). The WikiAnswers page sums it up best -

“Knowledge is information you have in your head; skill is the ability to use knowledge to actually accomplish something”.

Being knowledgeable about a subject is very different from having skills associated with it. For example, you might know everything about art, such as different artists and styles (knowledge), but when you actually draw something, your family confuses it with something your 2 year old drew at daycare (no skills). Likewise, you may have skills, but no knowledge (knowing how to do something doesn’t always mean you know why you are doing it). With this definition out of the way, let’s get on to the answers to the three questions.

What Skills Should I Learn?

You may already have a good idea of what type of skills you want to learn. However, if you are looking for inspiration, I suggest looking up what courses are offered as part of adult education at your local community college or even online. I’ve also compiled a list of the most popular skills people want to learn (from the top goals on 43Things), I’m sure there is at least one here for you.

  • Art & Craft Skills
    • Drawing
    • Knitting
    • Painting
    • Photography
    • Sewing
  • Career Skills - [NOTE: Obviously learning new skills for your career is an important objective. Since every career is very different, I won't get into specific skills for each. However, there are some general skills that will help you in whatever career you choose. Here are two sites that have ideas on what employers are looking for. By assessing yourself against these criteria, you may decide to work on those skills that you haven't effectively developed.]
  • Cooking
  • Driving a Car
  • Fitness / Nutrition Skills
    • Eating healthy
    • Exercising
    • Martial arts
    • Meditation
    • Tai chi
    • Yoga
  • Gardening (particularly how to grow your own vegetables)
  • Geneology (involves research skills and how to make sense of the data you get)
  • Home Improvement
  • Learning a New Language
    • Arabic
    • Chinese
    • English
    • German
    • Italian
    • Japanese
    • Latin
    • French
    • Russian
    • Sign language
    • Spanish
  • Music / Dance Skills
    • Dancing
    • Playing drums
    • Playing guitar
    • Playing piano
    • Playing violin
    • Singing
  • Personal Finance (particularly focused on becoming financially independent or getting out of debt)
  • Sports & Outdoor Activity Skills
    • Camping
    • Flying
    • Golfing
    • Hiking
    • Rock climbing
    • Running
    • Sailing
    • SCUBA diving
    • Skateboarding
    • Snow skiing
    • Snowboarding
    • Surfing
    • Swimming
    • Travel
  • Technology Skills
    • Ajax
    • C#
    • CSS
    • Java
    • Javascript
    • HTML
    • Linux
    • MySQL
    • Perl
    • Photoshop
    • PHP
    • Python
    • Ruby / Rails
    • Website development
  • Writing / Film Skills
    • Blog Writing
    • Film Making
    • General Writing
    • Music Writing / Composing
    • Poetry Writing
    • Screenplay writing

How do I Know When I Have ‘Learned’ a Skill?

Most skills can be broken down into levels of mastery. For example, martial arts have different colored belts that show the level of progress. Drawing skills can be broken down into these categories.  Not all skills have clearly defined skill levels. However, most fall into the following categories:

  1. Basic Level - This is the step above having no experience. You’ll need to review how to do things, and may need someone to show you
  2. Intermediate Level -  You now have enough skill to do the task on your own, and maybe occasionally get help or review learning materials
  3. Advanced Level - You are very competent this skill, and are able to do it on your own and feel confident in your abilities
  4. Instructor Level - You have mastered the skill and have enough experience and knowledge that you can teach others how to be successful at it
  5. Specialty Skills - Many skills have specialized areas where you can focus and become extremely knowledgeable, like learning a specific type of yoga, or the different types of writing listed above

So how long does it take to learn a skill anyway? You might have heard the general rule of thumb that it takes 10,000 hours of practice to master a skill. Do the math, that is a lot of practice! You aren’t going to get there by sitting on the sofa watching a couple of hours of TV a night. But what about achieving a basic level of experience? This blog post breaks the 10,000 hours into manageable chunks for different levels of mastery. Applying the recommended number of hours to my categories above, 1 hour will likely be enough to determine whether you still want to study it, 10 hours may get you to the Basic Level, 100 hours gets you to Intermediate, 1000 hours for Advanced learning, and then the 10,000 hours for true mastery. BTW, there is some interesting research into why studying something for 10,000 hours results in expert level performance. I especially like the concept of ‘chunking’, being able to recognize patterns in the data and understand what will happen next. I’ve found this concept to be true in my own career as I have gained more and more experience.

How Do I Learn These Skills?

There are a ton of online courses for most of the popular skills listed above. For example, here are some online courses for genealogy. Here is a great blog post about online courses related to the technology skills listed above. For other skills, you will need to learn them in a ‘hands-on’ environment. Many courses are taught by companies that sell products for activities that interest you (for example, an outdoor activity store may have courses in how to hike, kayak, etc).

The key is to identify what skills you are interesting learning, determine what is required to reach different levels of mastery, choose what level you want to achieve, and then go have fun learning a new skill. I know, it sounds so easy - just get out there and do it!